YORUBA TUTOR
Learn Yoruba easily: Speak, understand, and connect with your heritage.

(Author/Webmaster: Dr Ayodele Owoade, Phd)

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YORUBA VOWELS, ACCENTS AND PRONUNCIATION You would have noticed that the Yoruba words encountered so far in this course have accents. Yoruba is a tonal language and the accents determine the pronunciation and meaning of each word. It is quite common in Yoruba language for different objects to have the same spelling. The pronunciation will determine which object is intended in a speech or writing. The accent on each vowel in a word determines its pronunciation and meaning. Yoruba alphabets are similar to the English alphabets with the exclusion of alphabets c, x and z. Yoruba alphabets include the letters ṣ, ọ and gb which are missing in the English alphabets. UNDERSTANDING YORÙBÁ VOWEL ACCENTS This is crucial in understanding the pronunciation of Yoruba words and their meanings. There are three pitch levels when pronouncing a Yoruba vowel. Using vowel o to illustrate, we have low pitch (ò), flat pitch voice (o without an accent) and high pitch voice (ó). In a Yoruba word, each vowel will carry an ACCENT which dictates its voice pitch level (low, flat or high - examples: odò, river; odó, mortar). The Yoruba vowels are a, e, ẹ, i, o, ọ, u. The pronunciation of each vowel in a word will depend on its accent. This concept must be understood. Use of the musical notes (do re mi) has been found very a useful hint of the low, flat and high pitch voices respectively. Here are a few words to illustrate: ọkọ́ (re mi) (hoe), ọkọ̀ (re do) (vehicle), okùn (re do) (rope), òkun (do re) (sea), òdo (do re) (zero), odò (re do) (river).

CULTURAL PERSPECTIVES - Prostrating for the elders is a cultural imperative for the Yorubas. One's parents and anyone older must be prostrated for to greet. It is not slavery, nor and indication of oppression by any measure. Similarly, the alphabet (Ẹ, ẹ) used in addressing many people collectively must be used when addressing an elder. Káàáárọ̀ (good morning to a junior, or a peer) becomes Ẹ káàáárọ̀ (to and older person or a stranger).